A solution, is a homogeneous, molecular, mixture of two or more components. The simplest solution consists of two components, a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solute and the solvent could be in the solid, liquid or gaseous states of matter. Most commonly, pharmaceutical solutions are preparations in which the solid solutes, i.e. drug and […]
Protein binding (PB) plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. The extent of protein binding in the plasma or tissue controls the volume of distribution and affects both hepatic and renal clearance. In many cases, the free drug concentration, rather than the total concentration in plasma, is correlated to the […]
Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon that occurs in suspensions, involving changes in particle size distribution and the polymorphic form of a drug. In this process, smaller crystal particles dissolve and then redeposit onto larger crystals, leading to the growth of larger particles over time. Mechanism and Mathematical Description of Ostwald Ripening Particle growth is a […]
The formulation of suspensions possessing optimal physical stability depends on whether the particles in suspension are to be flocculated or to remain deflocculated. One approach involves the use of a structured vehicle to keep deflocculated particles in suspension. A second approach depends on controlled flocculation as a means of preventing cake formation. A third, a […]